海上波浪实际上是不规则的，它们是由各种不同波长、波高和陡度的波组成的。经观测统计表明，其中有1/10波的波高是平均波高的2倍，称之为最大波高(hw/10）；有1/3波的波高是平均波高的1.6倍，称之为三一平均波高或有义波高(hw/3）。人们在海上目测的波高很接近有义波高
随着有义波高增大，安全域面积减小并且不再连续，倾覆域和安全域相互包围。
As the significant wave height rises, the area of the safe basin reduces and is no longer continuous, and the safe area and the capsizing area are interlaced.
研究表明：随有义波高增大，相空间转移率不断增大，船舶航行的安全域迅速减小。
It is shown that phase space flux is growing continually along with significant wave height and the safe basin of ships is decreasing rapidly.
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