分析中采用了替代成本法、影子工程法和罚款法。

In our analysis, the replacement cost, shadow project and penalty approach were employed.

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本文介绍了国际上对森林产出的几种评估方法，如：享乐法、旅游成本法、替代成本法和意愿型价值评估法。

In this paper, some methods are introduced to value the forest products, such as hedonic method, travel cost, replacement cost and contingent valuation.

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