MDS是一组异质性很强的疾病，其特征为：血细胞减少、无效造血及进展为急性髓系白血病风险。
MDS is a group of very heterogeneous disorders characterized by cytopenias, inefficient hematopoiesis and the risk of progression into acute myeloid leukemia.
背景和目的：难治性急性髓系白血病(aml)包括复发性aml、原发耐药aml、老年aml及继发aml，是目前白血病治疗困难的类型。
Background and objective: Relapse AML, refractory AML, AML in the old and secondary AML are all AML subtypes hard to cure.
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