如果没有口令文件，在数据库未启动之前就只能通过操作系统认证。

More than one database can use a password file. However, the only user recognized by the password file is SYS.

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某些程序会导致某些网络操作系统认证系统，例如微软认证系统工程师（MCSE）或思科认证网络工程师（CCNA）。

Some programs lead to certification in operating certain network systems, such as a Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer (MCSE) or a Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA).

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例如，可能您正在运行的操作系统需要进行加强，或者可能您要依靠一些外部认证系统。

For example, maybe the operating system you're running on needs hardening, or maybe you depend on some external authentication system.

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