目的探讨微创经皮肾镜取石术（MPCNL）并发症的发生情况及处理措施。

Objective To evaluate the occurrence and management of complications following minimally invasive percutaneous nephrostolithotomy (MPCNL).

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目的探讨输尿管镜取石术（URL）及微创经皮肾取石术（MPCNL）治疗复杂性输尿管上段结石的疗效及安全性。

To evaluate clinical efficacy and safety of ureteroscopic lithotripsy(URL) and minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy(MPCNL) in the treatment of complex proximal ureteral calculi.

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目的探讨微创经皮肾镜取石术（MPCNL）后常规放置肾造瘘管的必要性。

Objective To discuss the necessity for routine placement of nephrostomy tube after minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy(MPCNL) for renal calculi.

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