在数十亿年的时间里，这些气体被引力压缩成星系、恒星、植物，最终甚至变成了人类。
Over billions of years, the gas was compressed by gravity into galaxies, stars, plants and eventually, even humans.
只要恰当地控制粒子束的照射时间，该恒星将有效地成为一台调频电台——以“造父变星”的脉冲为基础载波向宇宙广播。
Time the beam right and the star could be turned, in effect, into an FM transmitter-broadcasting to the universe on the underlying carrier-wave of the Cepheid's pulsation.
虽然这些恒星只有五十万年——按照恒星的时间尺度计算，它们还处于婴儿期——但是大都已经失去了其形成行星的由气体与尘埃组成的圆盘。
Although the stars were just half a million years old-still in their infancy in stellar time scales-most had already lost their planet-forming disks of gas and dust.
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