以结构的总重量最小和结构的总应变能最大为优化目标，以导管的平均直径和壁厚作为设计变量，考虑强度、刚度和稳定等约束条件。
Total weight and seismic strain energy of the structure were selected to be optimal objectives. Average diameter and wall thickness of the structural element were taken as design variables.
有效载荷是指车辆在不超过最大总重量的情况下可以携带的载荷。
The useful load is the load which a car ready for use is able to carry without exceeding the maximum gross weight.
最大限度地减少总重量和总体积，这对于某些系统来说，是关系到能否实用，实际上也就是能否存在下去的重要问题。
The utmost reduction in overall weight and volume is essential to the usefulness and, in fact, existence of certain types of systems.
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