结论：选择性新型M -受体拮抗剂长托宁用于腹部外科手术术前用药临床效果优于阿托品。

Conclusion: Administration of Penehyclidine Hydrochloride which is selective antagonist on receptor-M as Premedication is more effective and better than Atropine in abdominal surgery.

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目的探讨术前指导与术后预防性用药对整形患者术后疼痛的影响。

Objective To investigate the effect of preoperative directions and postoperative prophylactic analgesia after plastic operation.

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