地下开采引起围岩的位移和变形。随着采空区的扩大，顶板岩层发生弯曲、离层、断裂和冒落。冒落岩石上方的岩层随破碎冒落岩石的压实继续下沉和变形。在大面积开采时，可波及地表，引起地表下沉、变形和塌陷。
在考虑岩性差异的条件下，推导出了岩层与地表移动的广义下沉公式，最后列举了其应用意义和实例。
With the difference of lithological characters considered, the generalized subsidence formula for strata and surface movement is derived. Some applied fields and an example are given.
已有的岩层与地表移动规律基本上以岩石强度为基础，很少顾及岩体中裂隙弱面的存在，及其对岩层与地表移动规律的影响。
The laws on the rock strata and surface movement that have known is basically based on the rock strength, not considering exist and the effect on the subsidence laws of the fissure and the weak face.
地下开采导致岩层变形与地表移动。
Underground Mining lead to rock deformation and ground movement.
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