粒子群优化聚类算法具有参数简单，收敛快等优势，但也有局部极值问题。

PSO clustering algorithm is known to have simple parameters and fast convergence, but there are also local optimal problems.

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最大膛压点的确定是内弹道零维模型求解的一个重要环节，传统的优选方法存在着可能陷入局部极值点的问题。

Determination of the bore maxi-pressure point is an important link in solution of internal ballistics zero dimension model. Traditional optimizing methods probably have some problems of local pole.

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然而，结构优化问题相当困难，因为其势能曲面上局部极值的数量非常多而且随着体系尺寸呈指数增长。

However, the structural optimization problem is notoriously difficult because the number of local minima tends to grow exponentially with system size.

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