在UNIX系统中，有多种身份验证方法，比如基于密码的身份验证、使用智能卡的身份验证、基于生物检测技术的身份验证等等。

There are various authentication methods in UNIX systems, like password-based authentication, authentication using smart CARDS, authentication based on biometric technology, and more being practiced.

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在实际应用领域中，我们通常使用专用硬件、软件或固件来实现如asic、FPGA、DSP或智能卡等密码算法芯片。

Currently, in the practical application fields, we usually use specialized hardware, software or firmware to realize cryptosystems, such as ASIC, FPGA, DSP or smart CARDS.

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智能卡是基于公钥密码体制电子商务的关键部件。

Smart CARDS are a key component of the public-key infrastructure on which E_Commerece is based.

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