在计算机系统环境中，物理标记的一个问题是必须为系统的每个客户机提供某类输入设备。

In the context of computer systems, one problem with physical tokens is that some sort of input device is necessary for every client to the system.

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居住在宾馆或使用某些 IT 设备都属于这个类别，因为宾馆为客户提供照明、空调设备、水处理和洗衣服务等。

Staying at a hotel or using a specific number of IT devices are such activities,because the hotel,provides its customers with lighting, HVAC, water treatment, laundry services, etc.

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因此，在最高层面上，设备透传就是向一个特定客户操作系统提供一种设备隔离，以便该设备能够被那个客户操作系统独占使用(见图3)。

So, at the highest level, device passthrough is about providing an isolation of devices to a given guest operating system so that the device can be used exclusively by that guest (see Figure 3).

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