这个引用必须存在于测试中并且在条件块前。
The reference must exist in the test and precede the conditional block.
比较清单2中的模板和清单3中的测试条件，就会发现存在一一对应的关系。
Compare the templates in Listing 2 with the test cases in Listing 3 and you will find a one-to-one match.
与极端的鼓励和诱惑类似的条件存在，对人们道德标准的坚持做出不必要的和不公平的测试。
Conditions such as extreme incentives or temptations exist that can unnecessarily and unfairly test people's adherence to ethical values.
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