关闭数据库，备份所有数据以及所有日志和控制文件。

Shut the database down and back up all data and all log and control files.

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版本控制系统通常用于文件备份、并行开发和变更管理。

Version control systems are typically used for file backup, parallel development, and change management.

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同时，还需要确保只要对数据库的模式进行了更改，就要对控制文件进行备份。

You need to also make sure that the control files are backed up once there are schema changes to the database.

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