名词代表了人类认知的基本范畴——事物，是词汇系统的基础与核心。

The noun represents mankind's cognitive basic category -things. Nouns constitute the foundation and core of the vocabulary system.

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本文从语言、语法、词汇、常用句型与习惯表达方式等方面阐明了坚实的语言基础对提高听力至关重要。

From the respects of pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, commonly used patterns and expressions, this paper indicates that the firm language base is very important for listening.

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首先指出在翻译中不可避免地存在着语言学基础的问题，分别表现在音位学、句法、词汇、形式与风格以及韵律学方面。

First, there exist unavoidable linguistic bases of translation, in the aspects of phonology, syntax, vocabulary, forms and genres and prosody and comparative prosody, respectively.

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