（一）场依存-场独立型（Field dependence- independence） 场依存-场独立型认知方式是美国心理学家 Witkin 在 40年代研究垂直知觉时首先发现的。
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场独立型与场依存型被试的图式表征质量在问题结构清晰的条件下无明显差异。
The quality of schema representation has no significant difference between field independent and dependent subjects on the condition of well-organized structure.
场独立型大学生的外语焦虑显著高于场依存型；
The foreign language anxiety level of field-independent students was significant higher than that of field-dependent students.
场依存型的学习者比场独立型的学习者更能注意词的相关细节知识。
Students with stronger motivation pay more attention to learning detailed vocabulary knowledge.
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