当一台在存根域 (网络) 中被分配了内部本地地址的计算机想要和外部网络通信时，数据包就会像通常一样被路由到其默认网关，此时网管充当 NAT 路由器功能。
When a computer on the stub domain that has an inside local address wants to communicate outside the network, the packet goes to one of the NAT routers by way of normal routing to the default-gateway.
这些信息在访问属于一个外部域的资源时是必需的，因此用户的命名空间要求是惟一的。
This information is necessary while accessing resources belonging to a foreign domain, so that the namespace of the user remains unique.
先读取技巧涉及重构（或编写）应用程序逻辑和工作流，以便所有的处理和读取操作在事务作用域的外部首先发生。
The read-first technique involves refactoring (or writing) the application logic and workflow so that all processing and read operations occur first, outside of a transaction's scope.
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