n. surface soil ; topsoil
考克斯先生说去年春天一场暴风雨之后他坐直升机飞过爱荷华州的部分地区发现未受到保护的土地上在冲刷后已经形成了一些深沟，这些深沟成了土壤表层流失的管道。
Mr. Cox said that he flew over parts of Iowa in a helicopter last spring after a severe storm and found that deep gullies had formed in unprotected farmland, becoming conduits for soil runoff.
由于浓度的增加，植物的再生长很少，导致侵蚀增加，使得肥沃的表层土壤减少，再生长更少。
Because of this increased concentration, regrowth of plants is minimal, leading to increased erosion, which leads to a decrease in the fertile topsoil, leading to even less regrowth.
在某些情况下，松散的土壤全部被风吹走，只剩下石质化的表层。
In some cases, the loose soil is blown completely away, leaving a stony surface.
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