各国央行对此的反应是通过采取混和了增加贷款和抵押品种类、延长还款期限、增加交易对方数量等方法的政策来扩大借贷（见图表1）。
Central banks responded by expanding their lending operations through a mixture of more types of credit and collateral, longer terms and more counterparties (see chart 1).
如果农夫和牧场主选择自给自足，而非同对方交易，他们每个人的消耗和自己的产出是完全相等的。
If the farmer and rancher choose to be self-sufficient, rather than trade with each other, then each consumes exactly what he or she produces.
在国内交易中，买卖双方了解对方的财务情况和其他有关信息并不难，支付可能以一种直接的形式进行。
It is not very difficult for buyers and sellers in domestic trade to get to know each other's financial status and other information, and payment is likely to be made in a straightforward manner.
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