否定是语言学中的一个重要概念，但并非所有的否定概念都需要否定句式来表达。
Negation is an important concept in linguistics. Not all negative concepts are be expressed with negative sentences.
但汉英两种语言在表达否定概念时所使用的词汇方法，语法手段，甚至语言逻辑等方面都有差异。
But when the negative form is actually used, there are differences in the use of vocabulary, grammar and language logic.
文章建立了几类动态系统来刻画动态否定概念，并引入相应的语义，然后证明这些系统相对这些语义是可靠和完全的。
We introduce an indexed dynamic logic, give logical characterization of the concepts of practice and degree of action and negation by action by it and its variations.
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