对于领域性的和同域性的物种形成，强化是必需的。

Reinforcement is required for both parapatric and sympatric speciation.

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勒杜和他同代的科学家们转而开始研究行为背后的神经生理学原理。对有机体或物种而言，行为是他们存在的核心要素。

LeDoux and some of his contemporaries have instead shifted to studying the neurophysiology behind behaviors that are central to an organism's or species' existence.

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实际上，同看整个世界，除了人类这一物种外，雌性狼蛛也是以熟悉程度来选择配偶的。

In fact, though worlds away from us as a species, some female Wolf spiders also make their mating choices on the basis of familiarity.

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And in fact, Skinner explicitly made the analogy from the natural selection of species to the natural selection of behavior.

实际上，斯金纳也确实明确地,对物种的自然选择,同行为的自然选择进行过类比。

耶鲁公开课 - 心理学导论课程节选