化学测试的结果将与参考数值进行比较。

The results of the chemical testing are compared to the reference values.

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目的：为临床医生提供安全的进针深度和角度的参考数值。

Objective To provide safe depth and direction of need ling for clinical physicians.

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提出了洞身周围土压力分布规律和结构计算、选型的参考数值。

The distribution of soil pressure around the wall, structural computation and optimum parameters are presented, which can be used for reference by designing departm…

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So, you assign values to very specific states of matter and call those the reference points for your temperature. For instance, freezing of water or boiling of water, the standard ones.

那么你对物质的,某些特殊状态指定数值,把它们叫做你的温度的参考点,比如水的冰点或沸点,它们都是标准。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

That's a very large number, it's all relative, so you don't necessarily know it's large without me telling you or giving you other ions to compare to, but chlorine does have a very large affinity, meaning it's really likes getting an electron and becoming a chlorine ion.

这是个非常大的数值，这种数值都是相对的，因此你不一定能知道这是非常大的,除非我告诉你或给你另外离子数值作为参考，但是氯确实有很高的电子亲和能，这意味着它非常乐意得到一个电子,而变成一个氯离子。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选