这种将原有的图式应用于新的事物的过程，皮亚杰把它称为吸收。

This process of applying an existing schema to a new object is what Piaget called assimilation.

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当广告宣传很成功的时候，它巩固了我们对原本就相信的事物的看法。 又或者摇醒我们，让我们知道原有的观念是错的。

When advertising works successfully it confirms the stories we already believe – think of the OXO family – or it shakes us up, so we know the story's been subverted.

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建构主义认为学习是一个积极主动的建构过程，学习者根据原有的认知结构有选择性的建构当前事物的意义。

Constructivism believes that learning is an active process involving learners' active and personal meaning construction based on their past knowledge.

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These risks spring from the fact that philosophy teaches us and unsettles us by confronting us with what we already know.

这风险源自于以下事实,即哲学就是让我们面对自己熟知的事物,然后引导并动摇我们原有的认知。

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