...的数据进行了研究,发现了混乱的激励体系(Misaligned reward system)、坚固的网络防范(works)以及历史先例(Historical precedent)是最基本的组织障碍问题【J引。
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历史先例表明,政治和科学能够抵抗具破坏性的有害企业,但是这需要时间,且一开始的成功都很微小。
Historical precedent suggests that science and politics can overcome resistance from businesses that pollute and poison but it takes time, and success often starts small.
弹球馆通过现金刺激计划受益是有历史先例。
The filter-through of stimulus cash to the pachinko parlours has historical precedent.
结婚率下降和低结婚率有其历史先例:19世纪末的爱尔兰和20世纪30年代的美国及欧洲部分国家。
There is an historical precedent for falling and low marriage rates. It happened in Ireland in the late 19th century and in America and much of Europe in the 1930s.
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