试验结果证实了页岩与水基流体之间存在着渗透现象，且页岩是一个非理想性的半透膜。
Therefore, osmotic phenomenon exists in the system of shale and water based fluid, but shale is a non-perfect semipermeable membrane.
电渗是要讨论的最后一个过程，当涂料固体份在阴极上沉积之后，此涂膜为半渗透性。
Electroendosmosis is the final process to be discussed. As paint solids are drawn to the cathode and precipitated, the film becomes semi-permeable.
模型假设凝胶是以凝胶组分及凝胶吸收的溶液为核心，以弹性半渗透膜为壳的复合体。
In the model, gel is considered as a combination of a shell of an elastic semipermeable membrane and a core of a fluid phase.
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