粒子束辐照，将点缺陷引入合金，会对马氏体相变产生影响； 点缺陷和化学无序积累到一定程度，还会诱发扩散型晶体→非晶体转变。

Ion beam irradiation can affect the martensitic transformation and induce the amorphous transition by production, accumulation of defects and atomic disordering in alloys.

youdao

大多数化学或者生物系统并不是这么简单,因为你必须担心大量的粒子,和他们的统计特性以及它们有序,和无序的情况。

most chemical and biological systems aren't that simple precisely because you have to worry about many particles and their statistics and the way they might order or disorder.

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So the point is, this balance between energy thatyou could think of as say bond energies in chemical reactions, and entropy that you can think of in terms of disorder, how many different possible combinations or configurations of something wrong, will dictate where the equilibrium lies.

关键在于，这种能量与熵之间的平衡,确定了平衡的条件，在化学中能量涉及键能，而熵和无序有关,即有多少可能的不同组合或者形位，二者的平衡会告诉我们平衡态是什么样子。

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