计算结果表明：低速重离子的能量损失随初始电荷态的升高而缓慢上升，却随入射角度的增加而缓慢下降，离子的电荷态和入射角度对离子的掠角散射轨迹和能量损失都有影响。
It is observed that the energy losses decrease slowly with the increasing incident angles for low velocity ions, whereas swift ions lose more energy with the increase of the incident angles.
采用理论分析和粒子模拟的方法研究了阴极发射电子初始能量和二维效应对二极管空间电荷限制流的修正。
The 2-d effect and the initial energy influence of emitting electrons on space-charge-limiting current in diode are studied by PIC simulation and theoretical analysis.
认为时域场的边值关系的独立性方程可以用两个叉乘方程，电荷连续性方程的边值关系和电磁场的初始条件来确定。
It is thought that the independent equation of the boundary relation in the frequency-domain is composed of two curl equations and the charged continuity equation of the boundary relation.
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