研究表明，学龄前儿童具有抽象思维的能力。

The research shows that preschool children are capable of thinking in abstract terms.

《牛津词典》

紧急设计要求具有看到和积累惯用模式和抽象、工具和技巧的能力，以便在它们出现时能够利用它们。

Emergent design requires the ability to see and harvest idiomatic patterns and abstractions, and tools and techniques to take advantage of those things when they appear.

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对于应用程序架构师来说，另一个重要技能是，具有为特定的需求(删除细节，并将其映射为更普通的问题类别)创建抽象的能力。

Another critical skill for application architects is the ability to create abstractions around the particular requirements that remove specifics and map to a more generic class of problems.

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