联储给银行、商业票据发行商和其他机构大笔贷款，以疏通信贷市场，这能够创造一些储备。
Some were created by the Fed's myriad loans to banks, issuers of commercial paper and others to unfreeze the credit markets.
对持有欧元储备好处的质疑，亦因为各国在对抗信贷危机政策上–从储蓄担保到银行救援与财政刺激–的糟糕合作而有所增强。
Doubts about the merits of holding euro reserves have been raised by poor co-ordination of policies-from deposit guarantees to bank bail-outs and fiscal packages-in response to the credit crisis.
中心城市储备银行可以在自身黄金储备基础上金字塔式增加纸币和存款总额，而在他们的信贷扩张基础上，会对货币总量产生一个多重倒金字塔式叠加效应。
The central reserve city Banks could pyramid notes and deposits on top of gold, and thereby generate multiple inverse pyramids of monetary expansion on top of their own expansion of credit.
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