由于政策性负担不仅产生了软预算约束问题，影响委托人的效用函数，而且加深了信息不对称程度，导致经营者追求灰色收入。
The policy burden not only bring soft budget constraint to affect the principal′s utility function, but also cause the problem of asymmetric information that induces managers to seek gray income .
把效用函数引入信息安全风险领域，利用其反函数，定义绝对损失效应和相对损失效应，用以度量安全风险。
Utility function was introduced into security risk area, and its inverse function is used to define absolute loss effect and relative loss effect as measure of risk.
本文根据不确定性条件下的信息经济分析原理，建立了基于风险效用函数的收费道路使用者支付意愿模型。
This paper establishes a user's willing-to-pay model for pricing road based on risk utility function, which is an application of information economics analysis and risk decision theory.
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