然而，到18世纪末，随着英国橡木供应的稀缺，那里的造船厂转向柚木，并在其中找到了理想的替代品。

However, toward the end of the eighteenth century, as British oak supplies grew scarce, shipbuilders there turned to teak and found in it an ideal substitute.

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替代方案对供应商构成了可靠的威胁，即使转换的能力受到限制。

Alternatives provide a credible threat to suppliers, even if the ability to switch is constrained.

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解决之道是，尽可能进行多元化经营，尽力把自己打造成不可替代的供应商，使客户永远不会弃你而去。

The answer is to diversify if you can, and try your best to be an irreplaceable supplier so that you can never be dumped.

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