一旦应用软件确定用户要求的活动，它就使用数据库管理系统作为一个抽象的工具来实现操作结果。
Once the application software has determined what action the user is requesting, it USES the DBMS as an abstract tool to achieve the results.
说明：目的：掌握数据库系统的基本概念、原理和方法；学会如何有效地使用数据库管理系统，包括数据库的设计和对数据库的编程。
Purpose: to master the basic concepts of database systems, principles and methods learn how to effectively use the database management system, including database design and database programming.
传统的关系数据库管理系统有时使用锁来管理并发性，从而防止其他客户机访问某个客户机正在更新的数据。
Traditional relational database management systems sometimes use locking to manage concurrency, preventing clients from accessing data while another client is updating that data.
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