悲观主义者以日本的痛苦经历作为一个教训，告诉我们资产价格泡沫破灭和巨大的债务负担是如何击败所有可以实施的货币和财政政策。

Pessimists point to Japan's travails as a lesson in how a deflating asset-price bubble and a vast overhang of debt can defeat all that monetary and fiscal policy can throw at it.

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在某种程度上讲，这是由于乐观主义者和悲观主义者以迥异的方式对待相同的挑战与失望。

In part, that's because optimists and pessimists deal with the same challenges and disappointments in very different ways.

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