我们已经从热力学，了解了平衡。

And we already know about equilibrium from thermodynamics.

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从热力学第二定理出发，利用外微分构造了熵、焓以及吉布斯函数的表达式。

Expressions of entropy, enthalpy and Gibbs function are formulated by exterior differential derived from second law of thermodynamics.

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从热力学、电化学、溶液化学等方面，研究和探讨了细菌浸铜溶液体系中杂质的行为。

The impurity behaviors in the solution system of bioleaching copper were studied and discussed by thermodynamics, electrochemistry and solution chemistry.

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Thermodynamicstalks about equilibrium systems and how to go from one state of equilibrium to another state of equilibrium.

热力学研究的是平衡系统,以及如何,从一个平衡态转变到另一个平衡态。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

So, thermo is also a big tease, as you can see from my descriptions of these laws here.

因此，热力学也是个大玩笑，从我下面对,这些定律的描述。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

Let's go back and look at it from an energetic standpoint.

我们回到刚才的地方,从热力学的角度来研究。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选