...的汇聚(pooling)，而劳动市场的汇聚对厂商和工人都有益处；③产业的集聚便于信息的传播，产生技术溢出(technological spillovers)效果。显然，马歇尔论及的情形①和情形②可以归于西托夫斯基所称的“市场外部经济”，情形③即为“技术外部经济”。
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FDI不仅对GDP的增长产生直接的影响，而且对推动经济增长的两个主要因素：资本和技术产生明显的溢出效应。
Not only the impact of FDI on GDP growth, but also the spillover effect of FDI on two important factors which can affect economic growth: capital and technology is demonstration.
基于上述实证结果，本文最后从“以竞争换技术”的角度提出了促使外资产生更大溢出效应的政策建议。
Based on above empirical research, this article, on the ground of "competition for technology", initiates policy advice that will promote FDI to create more spillover effects.
该模型假设FDI的流入会通过直接和间接的溢出效应对产业的技术创新绩效产生正向影响；
This model hypothesizes FDI inflow has positive influence on the industrial technological innovation performance through direct and indirect spillover effect.
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