对于可以用延时二阶模型来拟合的过程，使用一种智能采样技术，结合阶跃下降法，实现了对实时过程的在线模拟。

An intelligent sampling technique coupled with the steepest descent method is implemented for on-line estimation of the process, which can be approximated by a second-order model with time delay.

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通过统计学中的响应曲面法建立了螺旋铣削过程中切削力的二阶模型，并分析了主轴转速、每齿进给量、轴向和径向切削深度等因素对切削力的影响。

A quadratic model of predicting helical milling force was researched. The effects of spindle speed, feed per tooth, and axial and radial depth of cut were analyzed.

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