相关特征也可能有助于确诊，包括经常出现医学上不明确的症状、躯体症状和焦虑或抑郁史。

Associated features that may be helpful in making the diagnosis include frequent consultation for medically unexplained symptoms, somatization, and past history of anxiety or depression.

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甚至当症状出现时，它们都是非常轻微和不明确的，大多数人甚至意识不到这是与心脏相关的症状(除非这些症状很明显)。

Even when symptoms occur, they can be so mild or vague, most people don't even realize it's heart-related (unless they are made aware).

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不建议使用血管扩张剂；如有症状性低血压可考虑升压药；药物诱发的高血压和容积性血液稀释(白蛋白)的效果还不明确。

Vasodilators are not recommended; Consider vasopressors with symptomatic hypotension; Efficacy of drug-induced hypertension and hemodilution by volume (i. e., albumin) not well established.

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