疼痛算是一种自然防护机制的作用。

Pain acts as a natural defence mechanism.

《牛津词典》

查尔斯·达尔文是第一个描述自然选择在物种形成中的作用的人，他描写了物种形成的机制。

Charles Darwin, the first to describe the role of natural selection in speciation, wrote about the mechanisms of speciation.

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正如查尔斯·达尔文（Charles Darwin）所观察到的那样，只要有一种基因组成的个体比其他个体更善于繁殖，自然选择就会起作用。

As Charles Darwin observed, natural selection operates whenever individuals of one genetic composition are better at reproducing than that of others.

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But the interaction between God and humans, he says, happens not through nature but through history.

但是上帝和人类的相互作用，通过历史而不是自然而产生。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

the natural forces imaged in the ice storm.] Often you must have seen them Loaded with ice a sunny winter morning after a rain.

冰的自然作用作对比],下过一场冬雨，第二天，太阳出来,你准会看到白桦上结满了冰。

耶鲁公开课 - 现代诗歌课程节选

But of course, there can be abuse of these when the food industry puts stuff in foods it doesn't really need to be there, and then they overstate the value of them and we'll talk about that, what's reasonable and what's not as we go through the class.

但是,当食品工业在食物中加入了,原本并不需要的成分,并夸大其作用时,自然也会反受其害,随着课程的深入,我们会探讨其中哪些合理,哪些不合理

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选