烟碱对心率的作用具有阶段性，初期引起心率短暂性减弱，紧接着发生瞬时增加。
The nicotine has a stage function to the heart rate, first causing a brief decrease followed by a transient increase.
准静态问题，特别是用于模拟短暂、瞬时的动态事件，如冲击和爆炸问题。
Quasi-static problems, in particular, to simulate a short, transient dynamic events, such as impact and explosion.
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