中国的城市贫困:社会救助及其效应 获得低保家庭(对照组)的均值, 第二列为控制组的均值。最后一列则是获得低保的家庭由于低保转移支付所 产生的效应(A verage Treatment Effects,ATT ) 。其中, T ATT = E(T| D=1) = E[Y 1 |D=1]- E[Y 0 |D=
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最终结果呢?沉没成本产生的效应。
沉没成本产生的效应。
它是由电场产生的效应,对原子进行单方面拉扯,最终撕裂。
It s an effect created by an electric field, that creates a singular pull on an atom and ultimately RIPS it apart.
What insulin is doing inside your body is acting as a ligand for insulin receptors which stimulate certain kinds of cellular responses.
胰岛素在体内的功能就是作为,胰岛素受体的配体,刺激产生某种细胞效应
That can be a very strong amplifying response, and that happens in the immune system in many cases.
这可能会产生非常强的放大效应,这种效应在免疫系统中很常见
And so typically, what you're doing inadvertently in those situations is you're exploiting the partial reinforcement effect.
通常,你在这些情境中无意的行为,会产生部分强化效应。
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