However, while they do add more components to our design, the encapsulation they bring will save us time when it comes to maintenance, testing, and reuse.

然而，虽然它们确实向设计中添加了更多组件，但它们带来的封装却能够在维护、测试和重用时为我们节约时间。

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But some characters of Object-Oriented programs, such as encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and exception handling mechanism, bring some new challenging problems to software testing.

但面向对象程序的封装、继承、多态和异常处理机制等新特性却给软件测试带来新的挑战。

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To keep this demo simple, we will not be covering unit testing, input validation, error handling, data encapsulation, authentication, routing, or any other facets of a well designed MVC application.

为了简洁，不会牵涉到单元测试，输入验证，错误处理，数据封装，审核，路由或任何MVC设计有关的细节。

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