Because the cost of such schemes is high, new employees are usually offered defined-contribution (DC) schemes, in which employer contributions are lower and retirement income varies with the markets.

因为这些计划的成本很高，新员工通常适用于固定缴款计划，这种计划雇主缴款较低且退休收入随着市场变化。

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Public-sector pensions for new employees must become defined-contribution plans, as in the private sector.

对于公共部门的新员工来说，必须和私营部门的员工一样，实行固定养老金缴纳计划。

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What is the most valuable contribution employees make to their companies, knowledge or judgment?

员工对公司最有价值的贡献是什么，是知识还是判断力？

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Most private-sector employees have defined-contribution plans, which determine how much employers and employees pay in but not how much pensioners will get out, and which have shrivelled with the stockmarket since 2008.

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Instead, new employees join defined-contribution schemes, which are much less generously funded.

ECONOMIST: Pensions

But most importantly, governments must move away from the defined-benefit model and shift employees to defined-contribution retirement options like 401(k) and 403(b) plans.

FORBES