Using a provincial panel from 1978 to 2005, we develop an empirical framework to identify the effects of inter-province tax competition.

利用1978 - 2005年的省级面板数据，本文构造了一个检验税收竞争效应的经验分析框架。

youdao

The goal of this work is to develop a systematic data-driven modeling and optimization framework for empirical design of material, so it focuses on solving the following problems.

鉴于此，论文旨在形成一个用于材料经验设计的数据软计算建模与优化框架。

youdao

This paper reviews theoretical and empirical studies on language and identity, locating them in a structuralist-constructivist framework.

本文以“结构观”、“建构观”的理论视角为框架，综述有关语言与认同特别是语言学习者认同的理论与实证研究。

youdao

This framework structures an original synthesis of empirical research and case studies of selected technical, legal and regulatory trends.

UNESCO: Communication and Information