The fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 was a pivotal reason for European exploration.

对于欧洲各国的探险来说，公元1453年土耳其攻陷君士坦丁堡是个关键时期。

youdao

The Tzar Nicholas I of Russia (1825-1856) was also becoming aggressive and pressing southward upon the Turkish Empire with his eyes on Constantinople.

俄国沙皇尼古拉一世(1825 - 1856年)也变得侵略成性，一边向南进逼土耳其帝国，一边对君士坦丁堡虎视眈眈。

youdao

From that base he soon began a long series of saber-rattling negotiations with the capitals of the Roman Empire at Constantinople in the East and Ravenna in the West.

从此起步，他很快开始了长期的战争叫嚣，与东罗马帝国首都君士坦丁堡和西罗马帝国首都拉汶纳进行谈判。

youdao

And bin Laden-like fanatics could hardly accuse the heirs of the Constantinople-conquering Ottoman Empire of being anti-Islamic latter-day Crusaders.

FORBES: Fact and Comment

She describes the Byzantine empire's appropriation of the Mother of God as protectress of the city of Constantinople and its rulers and the intricate metaphysical groundwork which made that change possible.

ECONOMIST: Virgin Mary