A classic metaphor in biology pictures an embryonic cell at the top of a hill.
生物学里有一个经典的比喻:胚胎细胞就像山顶上的石块。
His work on embryonic stem cells was a breakthrough, but it also brought intense controversy and media attention, turning him somewhat reclusive.
虽然他在胚胎干细胞的研究上取得了突破性的进展,但随之而来的激烈争论和媒体关注也迫使他归于沉寂。
Last year a group at the University of Minnesota found a way to guide into human embryonic stem cells into becoming a potent type of white blood cell which destroys tumour cells.
去年,美国明尼苏达大学的研究小组找到了一种办法,把人类胚胎干细胞引导成一种强有力的白细胞,这种白细胞会破坏肿瘤细胞。
So we needed to come up with another source, a renewable source, so we turned our attention to embryonic stem cells.
因此,我们需要一种替代材料,一种可以再生的材料,我们注意到了胚胎干细胞胚胎干细胞。
To start out I'm going to go back to the thinking about development a little bit, embryonic development, and show you a picture here.
作为这节课的开始,我先稍微回顾一下,一些关于发育过程的内容,先说胚胎发育,这里有张图
These cells around the outside form the interface, the placenta, where the maternal blood circulation meets the embryonic circulation and nutrients are passed back and forth that way in a very highly regulated and important way.
外层的细胞形成接触面,即胎盘,是母血与胎血,进行血液交换,及营养物质交换的场所,整个过程高度有序并且非常重要
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