Tissue culture, such as microspore culture and embryo technique was widely developed in rapeseed breeding and fundamental studies.

小孢子技术、体细胞原生质体融合技术等组织培养手段已广泛应用于油菜育种及基础性研究。

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PGD is a technique whereby a three-day-old embryo, consisting of about six cells, is tested in a lab to see if it carries a particular genetic disease.

PGD技术通过对授精3天后的胚胎——由6个细胞组成——进行实验室检测，以判断它是否带有特别的基因疾病。

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Both techniques avoid the initial step of converting skin cells into embryo-like pluripotent cells - a technique which poses a possible cancer risk.

这两种技术，都可避免皮肤细胞转化为胚胎多能干细胞的这个初始阶段，在这个阶段里可能会使病人受到患上癌症的风险。

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But his cells came from macaques, not humans, and his technique involves destroying the embryo.

ECONOMIST: Human embryonic stem cells

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), the technique used to see if an embryo is a match, is legally permitted now if a genetic condition is present in a family.

BBC: Embryology Bill: The key points

In mice, Daley and colleagues have shown that stem cells derived from the nuclear transfer of cells to make embryos -- the technique described in Mitalipov's paper -- were indeed closer to natural embryo stem cells than induced pluripotent stem cells.

CNN: Cloning stem cells: What does it mean?