They are, in essence, electronic ID CARDS issued by trusted parties.

从本质上说，它们是受信任方发布的电子id卡。

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Digital certificates: Digital certificates are electronic ID cards issued by trusted parties know as Certificate Authority (CA) that establish credentials.

数字证书： 数字证书是由受信任方即认证机构（CA）发布的电子 ID 卡，用于建立凭证。

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Users need to send a photo of their ID card with a selfie for authentication, and in return they receive a QR code, which acts as their electronic ID.

用户只需要上传身份证照片和自拍照进行验证，便能收到一个可用作电子身份证的二维码。

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For instance, an electronic voter ID system intended to prevent fraud failed across the country for lack of electricity in some cases and overheating computers in others.

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This second ID could be a small piece of hardware, such as an electronic key fob, or a biometric (see the next paragraph).

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