Thus, confinement effects modify electron energy levels, similar to a particle in a box, whereby Coulomb blockade effect arises as a consequence of the discrete nature of electric charges.

因此，限制效应改变了电子能水平，就好像一个装在盒子中的颗粒，这就是为什么电荷的离散特性会导致库仑阻塞效应的原因。

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An electron plasma may be in thermal equilibrium state under the confinement by electric and magnetic fields.

电子等离子体在静磁场和静电场的束缚下，可以达到热平衡态。

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The numerical results show that the energy levels of electron are sensitively dependent on the radius of the quantum ring and a minimum exists on account of the parabolic confinement potential.

数值计算结果显示，电子能级敏感地依赖于量子环半径，能级存在极小值，这是由于限制势采用抛物势的结果。

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