So, if we want to go from that stable state to that less stable state, we need to put in a certain amount of energy to our system, that difference between the free electron and the electron bound to the metal.

所以，如果我们想使电子,从稳态到达不够稳定的状态，我们需要引入一定数量的,能量到系统中，即自由电子和束缚于金属的,电子的能量差。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

And the thing about what Schrodinger did was all he imposed on a system was the electron behaves as a wave and is bound.

薛定谔所做的,是建立在一个系统之上,电子是像波一样运动的并且是有界限的。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

So we can think about what is our most loosely-bound electron, what's that highest energy orbital, and it's going to be the 2 p orbital, that's going to be what's highest in energy.

我们来想一想,它“束缚得最松“的电子是哪一个，能量最高的轨道是哪一个？,它就是，2，p，轨道，是能量最高的轨道。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

If a gas has bound to the the nanotubes it will impede the electron flow, altering the current.

BBC: MIT pencil 'draws' gas sensors onto paper