So when we talk about formal charge, basically formal charge is the measure of the extent to which an individual atom within your molecule has either gained or lost an electron.

说到形式电荷，基本上形式电荷就是，单个原子在形成分子之后，是得到了电子还是失去了电子的一种量度。

youdao

If you took high school chemistry, then you undoubtedly recall the bizarre drawings of the "orbitals" that describe where in an atom or a molecule an electron is likely to be found.

“如果你曾上过的高中化学课，那么毫无疑问你能记起这些奇特的“轨道”图片，它描绘了一个分子或者原子的电子可能被发现的位置。”

youdao

That means it lacks sufficient energy, like x-rays and gamma rays, to remove an electron from an atom or a molecule to make a charged particle that can damage DNA and biomolecules.

也就是说，微波辐射与X射线和伽玛射线不同，是不具有足够的能量的，从而不会使原子或分子失去电子而变成带电粒子，造成DNA及其它生命分子的损坏。

youdao

This molecule is part of the electron-transport chain.

ECONOMIST: Trojan DNA